Pre-service nurses' experiences of simulated health education classes: A phenomenological study.

With the growing demand for health education, enhancing nurses' ability to deliver such education is vital. This phenomenological qualitative study, employing convenience sampling, investigates pre-service nurses' experiences in simulated health education classes. The study included 32 fourth-year pre-service nurses from the Department of Nursing at a South Korean university. Between April 20 and June 30, 2022, these participants documented their perceptions of the simulated classes in self-reflection journals. The researcher utilized the phenomenological research method as proposed by Colaizzi (1978) to analyze the data. The findings suggest that simulated health education classes offer an opportunity to bolster pre-service nurses' practical knowledge, fostering their growth as nursing educators. The pre-service nurses reported gaining confidence in their roles as educators and enhancing their professionalism through these simulated classes. Therefore, as public health promotion becomes increasingly crucial and the demand for health education rises, simulated health education classes serve as a valuable adjunct to teaching methods in health education.

A novel administrative structure supporting academic nursing practice-based scholarship.

BACKGROUND: Practice-based scholarship (PBS) is critical for advancing nursing science, and for changing and saving lives. PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to share two major initiatives implemented at a Midwest College of Nursing (CON) to improve support for PBS. METHODS: The CON's Office of Research and Scholarship and Office of Faculty Practice were strategically redesigned to integrate and support practice scholarship across the CON. CONCLUSION: We share this example as a call to action and blueprint for other schools interested in elevating and advancing PBS.

Teaching Competencies in Nursing Professors: Visions of Students and Academics / Competencias docentes en profesores de Enfermería: visión de alumnos y académicos

Objective. This work sought to know the view of Nursing professors and students about the competencies the faculty staff must have to deploy their educational function with maximum quality and efficiency. Methods. Descriptive qualitative study through focus groups conducted with professors, students and recent Nursing career graduates from universities in Spain. Results. The importance of the proposed teaching competencies was delved into, highlighting the importance of professors knowing the context in which they teach, having the ability to self-evaluate their activity, and having adequate interpersonal communication skills, and deploy the teaching-learning process by performing proper planning, using new technologies, and knowing how to engage in teamwork. Moreover, a small discrepancy was detected in relation to disciplinary competence, which students felt was of importance, but which academics indicated is taken for granted in nursing professors; competencies directly related to the act of teaching must be enhanced. Conclusion.Practical unanimity was found between academics and students in affirming that the competencies investigated are important for adequate development of the teaching activity in nursing professors. In all cases, the urgent need was highlighted for nursing professors to have adequate teaching training to provide their students with formation of the highest quality.

Objetivo. Conocer la visión de profesores y alumnos de Enfermería acerca de las competencias que deben presentar los docentes para desplegar su función educativa con la máxima calidad y eficacia. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo cualitativo a través de grupos focales realizados con profesores, alumnos y recién egresados del Grado en Enfermería de universidades de España. Resultados. Se profundizó en la importancia de las competencias docentes propuestas, destacando la relevancia de que los profesores conozcan el contexto en el que desarrollan la docencia, tengan la habilidad de autoevaluar su actividad, dispongan de unas adecuadas habilidades de comunicación interpersonal, y desplieguen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje realizando una correcta planificación, empleando las nuevas tecnologías y sabiendo trabajar en equipo. Por otro lado, se detectó una pequeña discrepancia con relación a la competencia disciplinar, a la que los estudiantes brindaron una gran importancia, pero que los académicos indicaron que se da por supuesta en los profesores enfermeros, debiendo ser potenciadas las competencias directamente relacionadas con el acto docente. Conclusión. Se ha hallado una práctica unanimidad entre académicos y estudiantes en afirmar que las competencias investigadas son importantes para un adecuado desarrollo de la actividad docente en los profesores de Enfermería. En todos los casos, se destacó la imperiosa necesidad de que los profesores de Enfermería dispongan de una adecuada capacitación docente para poder brindar a sus estudiantes una formación de la máxima calidad.

A Hybrid Methodology for the Evaluation of Clinical Practice in Final-Year Nursing Students.

(1) Background: Clinical practice constitutes a scenario where the student approaches reality. The pedagogical relationship that is built between the nurse, the tutors and the student becomes important. And this requires intentional and reflective accompaniment. The principal objective was to design a hybrid-learner-centered training model requiring reflection and acquisition of specific skills. (2) Methodology: This was a prospective observational study using an intentional sample of 87 students. A hybrid model based on a dynamic virtual forum and Individual Improvement Plan (IIP) was constructed, evaluated using a self-completed questionnaire with a Likert scale. (3) Results: A model of accompaniment to the practices was built that allows for unifying a work plan. A transversal activity IIP was designed. A discussion forum was incorporated for each subject tutor. The analysis of the questionnaire showed that learning assessment, tutorials, virtual forums, self-assessment and satisfaction statistically differed. (4) Conclusions: The model allows students to be accompanied to acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes and to develop critical thinking, as well as to improve the teaching quality of the practices of the Curriculum of the Nursing degree and to achieve their own competences through student-centered methodologies. This study was not registered.

Critical thinking among institutional academic advisors and sociodemographic, professional and academic variables: A multicenter correlation study.

BACKGROUND: In nursing education, essential skills include Critical Thinking (CT). There is scant evidence on how nurse educators could promote CT in students in a clinical context. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the level of CT and correlated variables in healthcare nurses overseeing the clinicals of nursing undergraduates. METHODS: The study population were all nurse educators for clinicals at hospitals with nursing undergraduates. To evaluate the CT skills of nurses the Nursing Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice Questionnaire (N-CT-4 practice) was administered. Frequencies, percentages and measures of central tendency and scatter were obtained. A bivariate analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between the nurse educators' CT level and the sociodemographic, professional and academic levels. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare two independent groups. Statistical significance was defined as P < .05. RESULTS: The total number of participants was 639. The highest mean CT level was seen in clinical nurses involved in undergraduate nursing instruction and with experience of up to 10 years (mean CT score = 372 (33.3), p = .007). Global CT levels were similar in women and men (mean CT score: 364 (31.9) in women and 358 (40.5) in men, p = .187), with statistically significant differences only observed in the intellectual and cognitive indicator (P = .022). CONCLUSIONS: CT levels are high in teaching healthcare professionals in the clinical environment.

Autopercepción en competencias docentes en tutores/as de formación sanitaria especializada: estudio transversal / Self-perception in teaching competences in specialized health training mentors: a cross-sectional study

Introducción: La figura del tutor/a en la formación de residentes es relevante y tiene un importante impacto en la formación del profesional. Es objetivo de este estudio conocer las competencias docentes percibidas por los/las tutores/as de formación sanitaria especializada. Material y métodos: Estudio con diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio, realizado en la Unidad Docente Multiprofesional de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria Costa Ponent. Se emplearon las escalas de competencia de las/los tutores/as (Mentors Competence Instrument) y de competencia cultural de los/las tutores/las (Mentors Cultural Competence Instrument) y 12 preguntas sobre antecedentes. La fiabilidad de las escalas se estimó mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, considerándose como puntuación mínima aceptable 0.70. Resultados: Participó el 100% de la población diana (34 personas). El 50% (n=17) no había participado en formaciones de tutorización previamente. El 44,1% (n=15) hacía menos de una semana que había tutorizado estudiantes. El 35.3% (n=12) planificaba 30 minutos/día para la acción tutorial. El 76.5% (n=26) no tenía experiencia en tutorizar estudiantes con diversidad lingüística y cultural. La mayoría (91.2%; n=31) de las/los tutoras/es se perciben como competentes en: la “reflexión durante la tutorización”, las “características de la tutora o el tutor” y la “motivación del tutor/a”. Conclusión: Las/los participantes perciben poseer un elevado nivel competencial en la tutorización del estudiantado. Sin embargo, autoevalúan como medio-bajo su nivel en competencia cultural como tutor/a. Se requiere una formación en tutorización acreditada y continuada en la competencia docente y que potencie la competencia cultural de la tutorización. (AU)

Introduction: The role of the mentor in the training of speciality nursing students is relevant and has a relevant impact on the training of the professional. The objective of this study is to know the teaching competencies perceived by the mentors of specialized health training. Material and methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and exploratory design study, carried out in the Multiprofessional Teaching Unit for Family and Community Care Costa Ponent. The Mentors Competence Instrument and the Mentors Cultural Competence Instrument were used to assess the participants’ self-perceived level of competency. Additionally, different sociodemographic characteristics of the population were also gathered through a 12-item questionnaire. The reliability of the scales was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, considering 0.70 as a minimum acceptable score. Results: 100% of the target population (34) participated in the study: 50% of the sample (n = 17) had not previously participated in mentoring training; 44.1% (n = 15) had mentored students for less than a week; 35.3% (n = 12) planned 30 minutes / day for the mentoring action; 76.5% (n = 26) had no experience in mentoring students with linguistic and cultural diversity. The majority (91.2%; n = 31) perceived themselves as competent in: “reflection during the mentoring process”, the “characteristics of the mentor” and the “motivation of the mentor”. Conclusions: The participants perceive that they have a high level of competence in the students mentoring. However, they self-assess their level of cultural competence as a mentor as medium-low. Accredited and continuous training in mentoring is required in teaching competence and enhancing the mentors’ cultural competence. (AU)

Teaching Competencies in Nursing Professors: Visions of Students and Academics.

Objective: This work sought to know the view of Nursing professors and students about the competencies the faculty staff must have to deploy their educational function with maximum quality and efficiency. Methods: Descriptive qualitative study through focus groups conducted with professors, students and recent Nursing career graduates from universities in Spain. Results: The importance of the proposed teaching competencies was delved into, highlighting the importance of professors knowing the context in which they teach, having the ability to self-evaluate their activity, and having adequate interpersonal communication skills, and deploy the teaching-learning process by performing proper planning, using new technologies, and knowing how to engage in teamwork. Moreover, a small discrepancy was detected in relation to disciplinary competence, which students felt was of importance, but which academics indicated is taken for granted in nursing professors; competencies directly related to the act of teaching must be enhanced. Conclusion: . Practical unanimity was found between academics and students in affirming that the competencies investigated are important for adequate development of the teaching activity in nursing professors. In all cases, the urgent need was highlighted for nursing professors to have adequate teaching training to provide their students with formation of the highest quality.

Pensamiento crítico en tutoras de práctica clínica / Critical thought in female clinical practice mentors

Objetivo: conceptualizar el estado actual del pensamiento crítico en tutoras académicas y tutoras institucionales en el contexto de la práctica clínica e identificar los instrumentos más utilizados para medir el pensamiento crítico de estas.Método: revisión integrativa para la que se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1998 y marzo de 2022. La búsqueda se efectuó utilizando los términos de lenguaje controlado (critical thinking; mentor; nurse educator; clinical practice; preceptor; Education; Nursing), y artículos publicados en español, inglés y portugués. El proceso de selección de artículos fue asistido con el software Rayyan y descrito con el diagrama de flujo de PRISMA. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de los artículos seleccionados para identificar los temas emergentes.Resultados: se incluyeron 72 artículos originales. 25 eran estudios cualitativos, tres de método mixto, un estudio Delphi, 18 descriptivos, seis cuasi-experimentales, cuatro ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, un estudio analítico, ocho revisiones de la literatura, cuatro estudios correlacionales y una revisión sistemática. Tres fueron las temáticas emergentes: los factores de contexto del pensamiento crítico, las estrategias de promoción y los instrumentos de evaluación del pensamiento crítico.Conclusiones: la profesión enfermera no ha adoptado todavía un estándar para evaluar el pensamiento crítico, esto dificulta el comparar resultados sobre el efecto de determinadas intervenciones relacionadas con el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico.(AU)

Objective: to conceptualise the current situation regarding critical thought in female academic mentors and institutional mentors in the clinical practice setting, and to identify the most widely used instruments to measure their critical thought.Method: an integrative review where the PubMed and Scopus databases were consulted in the period between January 1998 and March 2022. The search was conducted using these controlled language terms: critical thinking; mentor; nurse educator; clinical practice; preceptor; Education; Nursing; and in articles published in Spanish, English and Portuguese. The article selection process was assisted by the Rayyan software and described with the PRISMA flow diagram. There was content analysis of the articles selected, in order to identify the emerging subjects.Results: the study included 72 original articles: 25 qualitative studies, three with mixed method, one Delphi study, 18 descriptive studies, six quasi-experimental studies, four randomized clinical trials, one analytical study, eight literature reviews, four correlational studies, and one systematic review. There were three emerging subjects: context factors of critical thought, promotion strategies, and instruments for critical thought evaluation.Conclusions: the Nursing profession has not yet adopted a standard evaluation for critical thought: this makes it difficult to compare results regarding the effect of certain interventions associated with critical thought development.(AU)

Experiences of first year undergraduate nursing students using Instagram in their clinical practicum during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Social media provides us with easy access to information. For students, it is an additional learning resource used in different types of theoretical and practical teaching methodologies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper was to describe the perspective of undergraduate nursing students on the use of Instagram during their clinical practicums in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN: A qualitative descriptive and exploratory study based on an interpretative framework. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: First-year undergraduate nursing students at the Universidad Europea de Madrid were included. METHODS: In-depth interviews and researchers' field notes were used to collect the data. Purposive sampling and inductive thematic analysis were applied. During the interviews, themes such as accompaniment during practicums or training opportunities were identified. RESULTS: The use of Instagram helped students to feel closer to professors, identifying it as an opportunity to remedy the possible lack of connection between theory and practice. Moreover, Instagram helped them build an image of nursing in clinical practicum environments. By using Instagram, undergraduate nursing students were able to better integrate and apply the knowledge acquired at university during their clinical practicums in hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results can be applied to future studies on the use of social media platforms as teaching tools in clinical practicum settings and to observe the evolution of the image and role of nursing and its relationship with social media.

Percepción de estudiantes de Enfermería sobre la adquisición de habilidades clínicas en tiempos de COVID-19 / Perception by Nursing students about clinical skill acquisition in times of COVID-19

Objetivo: identificar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de Enfermería sobre la adquisición de habilidades clínicas durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y analizar si está asociada con el semestre que están cursando y con haber realizado práctica clínica en escenarios reales. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal con estudiantes de Enfermería de una universidad pública de Zacatecas, México (N= 1.033). Se administró vía electrónica el segundo apartado del cuestionario Clinical Competency Questionnaire traducido al español con un alfa de Cronbach= 0,969. Se analizó la asociación de las habilidades clínicas con el semestre cursado y la experiencia mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado con una significancia estadística de p≤ 0,05. Resultados: respondieron un total de N= 82 estudiantes. La media de edad fue de 20,7 (DE:1,40), el 87,8% era mujer en su mayoría del séptimo semestre (40,2%). Un 50% se percibió con habilidades clínicas deficientes; un 34,1%, sin habilidades clínicas y un 15,9%, con habilidades clínicas competentes. Los estudiantes de quinto semestre se percibieron con menores habilidades clínicas (p= 0,006), al igual que aquellos que no habían cursado práctica clínica antes de la pandemia (p= 0,005). Conclusiones: a partir de la pandemia, las habilidades en la práctica clínica son percibidas como nulas o deficientes por los estudiantes de Enfermería, por lo que se requiere implementar cambios en la metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje, transitar a un modelo híbrido e integrador con intervenciones educativas efectivas y que demuestren el desarrollo de los dominios en este tipo de habilidades para cumplir con el perfil de egreso planteado.(AU)

Objective: to understand the perception by Nursing students about the acquisition of clinical skills during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyse if this is associated with the semester they are currently taking and with conducting clinical practice in real settings. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with Nursing students from a public university in Zacatecas, Mexico (N= 1,033). The second section of the Clinical Competency Questionnaire in its Spanish translation was administered online, with Cronbach’s alpha= 0.969. The association between the clinical skills and the semester studied and experience was analysed through Chi-squared test withp≤ 0.05 as statistical significance. Results: in total, N= 82 students participated. Their mean age was 20.7 (SD:1.40), 87.8% were female, and the majority were in their seventh semester (40.2%). 50% of them perceived that their clinical skills were poor, 34.1% stated they had no clinical skills, and 15.9% perceived that their clinical skills were proficient. Students in their fifth semester perceived their clinical skills as lower (p= 0.006), as well as those who had not had any clinical practice before the pandemic (p= 0.005). Conclusions: after the pandemic, clinical practice skills are perceived as non-existent or poor by Nursing students; therefore, it is necessary to implement changes in the teaching-learning methodology, to move to a hybrid and inclusive model with effective educational interventions which demonstrate the development of domains in this type of skills, in order to meet the proposed profile of graduation.

Predictors of attitudes towards nursing profession and peer caring behaviors of the nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Professionalization in nursing is interconnected with the acceptance and encouragement of professional role model manners and caring approaches among the nursing students. OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of attitudes towards nursing profession and peer caring behaviors of the nursing students. DESIGN: A single-centered, observational, cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: A university's faculty of health sciences nursing department in Ankara, Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: The population of the study comprised of second and fourth year nursing students (N = 470). The study was completed with 390 students. METHODS: The data were collected via a questionnaire, the Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession (ASNP), and the Peer Caring Measurement (PCM) between September and October 2019. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to predict the data (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean age of the students was 20.41 (SD = 1.34) and 85.1 % of them were female. The total ASNP mean score was found 160.10 (SD = 15.59). The mean score of the ASNP were higher in females, those whose income was equal or more than expense, those who preferred nursing school willingly, studying nursing pleasantly, those who were eager to work as a nurse, and those who planned to advance in nursing career. The total PCM mean score was 42.10 (SD = 10.45). It was higher in second year students, those whose income was equal or more than expense, and those who planned to advance in nursing career. There was a positively moderate correlation between the ASNP and the PCM total scores (r = 0.314, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes of the nursing students towards profession and their peer caring behaviors were highly positive. Improving the attitudes of the nursing students towards the profession via enhancing their peer caring behaviors, novel approaches, such as internship and mentorship, should be implemented into the nursing education.

Comparing the Relationship between Iranian Clinical Educators' Teaching Behaviors and Undergraduate Nursing Students' Professional Behaviors.

Background: The effectiveness and efficacy of teaching behaviors by clinical educators need to be determined and applied in caring environments, wherein students' seminal Professional Behaviors (PBs) are being shaped. Here, we endeavor to compare the relationship between Iranian clinical educators' teaching behaviors and undergraduate nursing students' PBs. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 189 students enrolled in the second, third, and fourth academic years at Urmia University of Medical Science in 2019. The instruments were the Nursing Students' PBs Scale (NSPBS) and the Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory (NCTEI). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations test and linear regression model. Results: A significant positive correlation between the NSPB and NCTE in the fourth year (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) was about twice as much as the second (r = 0.28, p = 0.017) and third ones (r = 0.28, p = 0.033). Nursing competency, teaching skills, and communication domains were respectively the most effective ones related to the second- (r = 0.35, p = 0.003), third- (r = 0.32, p = 0.015), and fourth-year NSPBs (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). Teaching skills and nursing competency domains had the lowest significant relationships with the second- (r = 0.25, p = 0.034) third- (r = 0.30, p = 0.023) and fourth-year NSPBs (r = 0.35, p = 0,006), respectively. Conclusions: The comparison between the two mentioned variables in the academic year can provide appropriate information about potential problems of clinical education to develop clinical facilitation models.

Testing the measurement invariance of the Korean clinical learning environment, supervision and nurse teacher (CLES+t) scale.

BACKGROUND: In 2018, the Korean version of the Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher scale was evaluated for validity and reliability. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to test the instrument's measurement invariance and to compare the latent means of groups. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Nursing departments in four metropolitan cities and five regions of Korea. The study sample comprised 507 nursing students. PARTICIPANTS: Bachelor's-level nursing students in their third and fourth years who have experienced clinical practicum. METHODS: Data were collected from November 11 to December 24, 2018 using the Korean Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher scale. Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Measurement invariance of the Korean Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher scale was tested in the following order: configural invariance, factor-loading invariance, intercept invariance, factor variance/covariance invariance, and residual invariance, by student year, hospital grade (tertiary or general hospital) and assignment of a nurse instructor (or not). RESULTS: The measurement invariance of the Korean Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher scale by student year and hospital grade were confirmed by configural invariance, factor-loading invariance, intercept invariance, factor variance/covariance invariance, and residual invariance. The measurement invariance of the scale by assignment of a nurse instructor (or not) was also confirmed for configural invariance, factor-loading invariance, partial intercept invariance, partial factor variance/covariance invariance, and partial residual invariance. Comparing latent mean values, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of the sub-dimensions of the Korean Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher scale by student year, hospital grade, and nurse assignment (or not). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean Clinical Learning Environment, Supervision, and Nurse Teacher scale is an appropriate instrument for measuring the clinical learning environment regardless of student year, hospital grade, or nurse assignment.

El rol del supervisor de campo clínico en Enfermería: perspectiva estudiantil

Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de estudiantes de la carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile, respecto del rol del supervisor clínico. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, interpretativa a través de un estudio intrínseco de caso. Muestra intencionada, de casos por criterios y por conveniencia, conformada por 24 estudiantes de quinto año, previa firma del consentimiento informado, año 2015. Recolección de datos mediante tres grupos focales; para el análisis de ellos se utilizó reducción progresiva y agrupación en categorías descriptivas. Se utilizaron los criterios de rigor de Guba, triangulando por investigadores. Aspectos éticos resguardados por el Comité Ético de Universidad de La Frontera. Resultados: En el Nivel 1 emergieron 257 unidades de significado, agrupadas en: "Factores obstaculizadores del supervisor clínico", "Características del supervisor clínico", "Factores facilitadores del supervisor clínico" y "significado del supervisor clínico". En el Nivel 2 surgen tres núcleos temáticos, finalizando en el Nivel 3 con dos dominios cualitativos: "Factores asociados al supervisor clínico que inciden en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje" y "Perfil y atributos del supervisor clínico". Conclusiones: Para los educandos es importante la formación docente y disciplinar de quien realiza la supervisión clínica, destacando las habilidades interpersonales para ejercer el rol.

Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião de estudantes da Carreira de Enfermagem da Universidad Autónoma de Chile sobre o papel do supervisor clínico. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, interpretativa, através de um estudo de caso intrínseco. A amostra, intencional, de casos por critério e por conveniência, composta por 24 alunos do quinto ano, assinatura prévia do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, 2015. Coleta de dados: três grupos focais; para analisá-los, foram utilizados redução progressiva e agrupamento em categorias descritivas. Foram utilizados os critérios de rigor de Guba, triangulados pelos pesquisadores. Aspectos éticos protegidos pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidad de la Frontera. Resultados: No Nível 1, surgiram 257 unidades de significado, agrupadas em: "fatores obstrutivos do supervisor clínico", "características do supervisor clínico", "fatores facilitadores do supervisor clínico" e "significado do supervisor clínico". No nível 2 surgem três núcleos temáticos, terminando no nível 3 com dois domínios: fatores associados ao supervisor clínico que afetam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e perfil e atributos do supervisor clínico. Conclusões: Para os alunos, é importante o treinamento docente e disciplinar daqueles que realizam a supervisão clínica, destacando as habilidades interpessoais para o exercício da função.

Objective: Determine the opinion of students at the School of Nursing of Universidad Autónoma de Chile, about the role of the Clinical Supervisor. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory, interpretive through an intrinsic case study research. Intentional sample, cases by criteria and by convenience, formed by 24 fifth year students, after signing the Informed Consent in 2015. Data collection was through three focus groups and analysis through progressive reduction and descriptive grouping in categories. Guba rigor criteria was used, triangulating by researchers. The ethical aspect was guard by the Universidad de la Frontera's Ethics Committee. Results: Level 1 analysis emerged 257 units of meaning, grouped into: "Hindering Clinical Supervisor Factors", "Clinical supervisor characteristics", "Facilitating Clinical Supervisor Factors" and "Meaning of the Clinical Supervisor". In Level 2 three thematic nuclei arise, ending with two Level 3 qualitative domains: "Factors associated with the Clinical Supervisor that affect the teaching-learning process" and "Profile and attributes of the Clinical Supervisor". Conclusions: For students, the teaching and disciplinary training of the person who performs clinical supervision is important, highlighting the interpersonal skills to exercise the role.

Calidad de vida laboral y estrategias de mejora del trabajo de la enfermería docente / Quality of working life and strategies for improving the work of nurse educators / Qualidade de vida no trabalho e estratégias para melhorar o trabalho do ensino de enfermagem

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores laborales que influyen en la calidad de vida laboral de los enfermeros y enfermeras docentes y construir estrategias para mejorarla. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cualitativo, desarrollado con enfoque de epidemiología crítica, realizado en una escuela de enfermería en Chile. Los sujetos de investigación corresponden a 17 enfermeras y enfermeros docentes, a los que se les realizaron entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y 9 participaron en un grupo focal. Se contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de Investigación de la unidad académica. Resultados: Respecto a la categoría Calidad de vida se establecen las subcategorías: Relaciones humanas favorables, Ambiente favorable, Bienestar - Satisfacción y Estrés. En la categoría Estrategias de mejora, las subcategorías: Desde la empresa y Desde el trabajador. Conclusiones: Los enfermeros y enfermeras que se desempeñan en docencia ven afectada su calidad de vida por factores laborales, de tal forma que se deben establecer estrategias de mejora desde la empresa y el individuo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the occupational factors affecting the quality of working life of nurse educators and design strategies to improve it. Material and Method: Descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study, developed with a focus on critical epidemiology, conducted at a nursing school in Chile. The research subjects corresponded to 17 nurse educators, who were given individual semi-structured interviews and 9 participated in a focus group. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the institution. Results: Regarding the category Quality of Life, the following subcategories were established: Positive Human Relations, Favorable Environment, Well-being/Satisfaction and Stress. In the category Improvement Strategies, the subcategories From the Employer and From the Worker emerged. Conclusions: Nurses who work as educators see their quality of life affected by occupational factors, so that improvement strategies are needed from the employing institution as well as from the worker.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar os fatores trabalhistas que influenciam a qualidade de vida no trabalho do professor enfermeiro e construir estratégias para melhorá-lo. Material e Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, desenvolvido com foco em epidemiologia crítica, realizado em uma Escola de Enfermagem do Chile. Os sujeitos da pesquisa correspondem a 17 docentes de enfermagem, que foram submetidos a entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas e nove participaram de um grupo focal. Foi obtida a aprovação do Comité de Ética em Pesquisa da unidade académica. Resultados: Em relação à categoria qualidade de vida, foram estabelecidas as subcategorias: relações humanas favoráveis, ambiente favorável, bem-estar - satisfação e estresse. Na categoria estratégias de melhoria, as subcategorias: Desde a empresa e Desde o trabalhador. Conclusões: Os enfermeiros que atuam no ensino veem sua qualidade de vida afetada pelos fatores de trabalho, de maneira que a dialética nesse trabalho exige o estabelecimento de estratégias de melhoria por parte da empresa e do indivíduo.

Design of a nursing objective structured clinical examination of a first-year clinical practice program / Projeto de um exame clínico estruturado objetivo de enfermagem de um programa de prática clínica do primeiro ano / Diseño de una prueba de evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada de cuidados de enfermería del primer curso de prácticas clínicas

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to design a content-valid nursing objective structured clinical examination attending a first-year clinical nursing practice program. Method: The examination was designed following a procedure based on the consensus of experts which was comprised of three phases: selection of the activities in which students should be competent according to the learning outcomes of the course, clinical case design, and integration of the clinical cases designed into the stations of the test. Results: Of the 44 surveys submitted for the design of the stations, 37 were answered, of which 31 respondents met the inclusion criteria of the panel of experts. The activities on which the experts reached the highest degrees of consensus were: basic physical assessment and monitoring of vital signs, assessment of hygiene and skin status, ability to develop care plans, management of safety principles in administration of medication and administration of oral medication. Based on the selected activities, the experts developed 20 clinical cases, from which a four-station nursing objective structured clinical examination was designed. Conclusion: The structured methodology based on the design of experts enabled the design of a content-valid objective structured clinical examination appropriate for the evaluation of the learning outcomes achieved by the students attending a clinical practice program.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi elaborar um exame clínico estruturado de objetivos de enfermagem com conteúdo válido, participando de um programa de prática clínica de enfermagem do primeiro ano. Método: O exame foi elaborado seguindo um procedimento baseado no consenso de especialistas que compreendeu três fases: seleção das atividades nas quais os alunos deveriam ser competentes de acordo com os resultados de aprendizagem do curso, desenho do caso clínico e integração do quadro clínico casos projetados para as estações do teste. Resultados: Das 44 pesquisas submetidas para a concepção das estações, 37 foram respondidas, das quais 31 respondentes atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do painel de especialistas. As atividades nas quais os especialistas alcançaram maior grau de consenso foram: avaliação física básica e monitoramento dos sinais vitais, avaliação da higiene e do estado da pele, capacidade de desenvolver planos de cuidados, gestão dos princípios de segurança na administração de medicamentos e administração de medicamentos orais. Com base nas atividades selecionadas, os especialistas desenvolveram 20 casos clínicos, a partir dos quais foi elaborado um exame clínico estruturado objetivo de enfermagem em quatro estações. Conclusão: A metodologia estruturada baseada na concepção de especialistas permitiu a concepção de um exame clínico estruturado objetivo válido e de conteúdo adequado para a avaliação dos resultados de aprendizagem alcançados pelos alunos que frequentam um programa de prática clínica.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar una Evaluación Clínica Objetiva Estructurada con validez de contenido para evaluar el nivel de competencias de estudiantes de primer curso de formación practico-clínica enfermera. Método: Se diseñó la prueba siguiendo un procedimiento basado en consenso de expertos con tres fases: selección de las actividades en la que los alumnos debían ser competentes en base a los resultados de aprendizaje de la asignatura, diseño de casos clínicos, e integración de los casos clínicos diseñados en las estaciones de la prueba. Resultados: Las actividades que alcanzaron mayor consenso por parte de los expertos fueron: valoración física básica y monitorización de signos vitales, valoración de la higiene y estado de la piel, capacidad para elaborar planes de cuidados, manejo de los principios de seguridad en la administración de medicación y administración de medicación oral. En base a las actividades seleccionadas, los expertos elaboraron 20 casos clínicos, a partir de los cuales se diseñó una evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada de cuidados de enfermería formada por cuatro estaciones. Conclusión: La metodología estructurada basada en el diseño de expertos permitió el diseño de una evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada adecuada para evaluar los resultados de aprendizaje alcanzados por los estudiantes de primer curso de formación práctico-clínica.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge of nursing freshman professors in medium-level technical education / Conocimiento Pedagógico del Contenido de docentes de enfermería novatos en la educación técnica de nivel medio / Conhecimento Pedagógico de Conteúdo de docentes de enfermagem novatos na educação técnica de nível médio

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the practice and construction processes of Pedagogical Content Knowledge of freshman professors, in secondary education in nursing. Methods: a collective case study with a qualitative approach. Data collection with biographical interview, non-participant observation of sessions and group interview. With the results interpreted in the light of Shulman's theoretical framework, content analysis enabled the creation of the category Manifestation of Pedagogical Content Knowledge. Results: predominance of traditional teaching practices, with an attempt at more flexible postures, with pedagogical knowledge and encouragement for student reflection. Final Considerations: the transition from the traditional model to a dialogical teaching (with the student's role) highlights the process of expanding Pedagogical Content Knowledge of, such as learning in and about the practice itself, seeking to strengthen teaching knowledge. A manifestation of reflective thinking was evidenced, with a perception of teaching professionalization.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los procesos de práctica y construcción del Conocimiento Pedagógico del Contenido del profesor novato, en la educación de nivel medio en enfermería. Métodos: estudio de casos colectivos con abordaje cualitativo. Recolección de datos con entrevista biográfica, observación no participante de sesiones y entrevista en grupo. Con los resultados interpretados a la luz del referencial teórico de Shulman, el análisis de contenido posibilitó la creación de la categoría Manifestación del Conocimiento Pedagógico del Contenido. Resultados: predominio de prácticas tradicionales de enseñanza, con intento de posturas más flexibles, con conocimiento pedagógico y estímulo a la reflexión discente. Consideraciones Finales: la transición del modelo tradicional a una enseñanza dialógica (con protagonismo del alumno), evidencia el proceso de expansión del conocimiento pedagógico del contenido; como aprendizaje en la propia práctica, buscando el fortalecimiento de los saberes docentes, se evidenció manifestación de pensamiento reflexivo, con percepción de la profesionalización de la enseñanza.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os processos de prática e construção do Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo do professor novato, na educação de nível médio em enfermagem. Métodos: estudo de casos coletivos com abordagem qualitativa. Coleta de dados com entrevista biográfica, observação não participante de sessões e entrevista em grupo. Com os resultados interpretados à luz do referencial teórico de Shulman, a análise de conteúdo possibilitou a criação da categoria Manifestação do Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo. Resultados: predomínio de práticas tradicionais de ensino, com tentativa de posturas mais flexíveis, com conhecimento pedagógico e estímulo à reflexão discente. Considerações Finais: a transição do modelo tradicional para um ensino dialógico (com protagonismo do aluno) evidencia o processo de expansão do Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo; como aprendizado na e sobre a própria prática, buscando o fortalecimento dos saberes docentes, evidenciou-se manifestação de pensamento reflexivo, com percepção da profissionalização do ensino.

Teaching implications in the pedagogical training of a technical school / Implicaciones docentes en la formación pedagógica de una escuela técnica / Implicações docentes na formação pedagógica de uma escola técnica

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the teaching implications with the pedagogical training in a Technical School of SUS. Method: a qualitative study that has the Institutional Analysis as theoretical and methodological framework, Institutional Socio-Clinical modality, whose data were collected from July 2017 to August 2018, with 07 health professionals. Results: they were presented from two themes: implications of teachers with training: the old Technical School; New directions are evidenced in the implied behavior of teachers: a new Technical School? Final considerations: knowing the factors that hinder and facilitate the pedagogical training in health, and especially to clarify how the behaviors instituted opened loopholes for instituting movements present in that setting, revealing the nuances of a new institutionalization, contributed to the collective construction of strategies related to the training of new teachers.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las implicaciones docentes con la formación pedagógica en una Escuela Técnica del SUS. Método: el estudio cualitativo, que tiene como referencial teórico y metodológico el Análisis Institucional en la modalidad Socioclínica Institucional, cuyos datos fueron recolectados en el período de julio de 2017 a agosto de 2018, con 07 profesionales de salud. Resultados: se presentaron a partir de las temáticas: las implicaciones de los docentes con el proceso de formación: la antigua Escuela Técnica; Los nuevos rumbos son evidenciados en el comportamiento implicado de los docentes: una nueva Escuela Técnica? Consideraciones finales: conocer los factores que dificultan y facilitan el proceso de formación pedagógica en Salud, y principalmente aclarar cómo los comportamientos instituidos abrieron brechas para movimientos instituyentes presentes en aquel escenario, revelando los matices de una nueva institucionalización, contribuyó a la construcción colectiva de estrategias relacionadas a la formación de nuevos docentes.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as implicações docentes com a formação pedagógica em uma Escola Técnica do SUS. Método: estudo qualitativo que tem como referencial teórico e metodológico, a Análise Institucional na modalidade Socioclínica Institucional, cujos dados foram coletados no período de julho de 2017 a agosto de 2018, com 07 profissionais de saúde. Resultados: foram apresentados a partir de duas temáticas: implicações dos docentes com o processo de formação: a antiga Escola Técnica; Novos rumos são evidenciados no comportamento implicado dos docentes: uma nova Escola Técnica? Considerações finais: conhecer os fatores que dificultam e facilitam o processo de formação pedagógica em Saúde e, principalmente, esclarecer como os comportamentos instituídos abriram brechas para movimentos instituintes presentes naquele cenário, revelando as nuances de uma nova institucionalização, contribuiu para a construção coletiva de estratégias relacionadas à formação de novos docentes.

Should We Be Trained to Train? Nursing Students' and Newly Qualified Nurses' Perception on Good Lecturers and Good Clinical Preceptors.

Background: The reform of the Spanish higher education studies from the Bologna Declaration did not entail the necessary changes in the teaching methodologies used. The clinical preceptor emerged as the main guiding professional in the practical training of nursing students. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand fourth-year nursing students' and newly qualified nurses' (NQNs) perception on their lecturers' and clinical preceptors' effectiveness. Methods: Exploratory, descriptive qualitative study was carried out at a Spanish University. By convenience sampling and according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, twelve newly qualified nurses and twelve fourth-year students of the Degree in Nursing were included in order to contrast the results. A thematic analysis of data was carried out, to later be coded by two researchers. Results: Two main themes were identified: the good lecturer and the good clinical preceptor, with several subthemes in each. These included the characteristics that both should have, both in teaching, nursing and interpersonal-relation skills. Conclusions: The need of preceptorship training programs has been highlighted in our context. Educators all over the world should be properly qualified in order to train and educate competent nurses for the future.